LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS COMO IMPULSORES DE LA DEMOCRACIA

Political parties as drivers of democracy

Óscar Iglesias Fernández

Revista Sistema nÂş 257 – Enero 2020 – pĂĄgs. 37-60

 

RESUMEN

En este artĂ­culo, se comprueba, desde el marco teĂłrico, que algunos dĂŠficits democrĂĄticos de los partidos polĂ­ticos, han existido a lo largo de su evoluciĂłn. Se analizan las tendencias de desapego y los dĂŠficits de representaciĂłn que les afectan, los cuales estĂĄn provocando una pĂŠrdida de poder e influencia, que ha hecho que agoten parte de su eficacia y dinamismo como canalizadores de la participaciĂłn polĂ­tica. Se examinan los factores que contribuyen a este debilitamiento y se plantea la hipĂłtesis de que los partidos son el canal mĂĄs efectivo de participaciĂłn polĂ­tica. Y, vinculado a una concepciĂłn de la democracia mĂĄs amplia, necesitan evolucionar hacia un modelo de partido democrĂĄtico de participaciĂłn, que se relaciona con el papel de los partidos como impulsores y guardianes de la democracia, al tiempo, que dan respuestas al problema de su dimensionamiento en una sociedad global.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Partidos polĂ­ticos, dĂŠficit de representaciĂłn, ciudadanĂ­a, democracia, participaciĂłn.

ABSTRACT

In this article, it is proved, from the theoretical framework, that some democratic deficits of the political parties have existed throughout their evolution. The tendencies of detachment and the deficits of representation that affect them are analyzed, which are causing a loss of power and influence, which has caused them to exhaust part of their effectiveness and dynamism as channelers of political participation. The factors that contribute to this weakening are examined and the hypothesis that parties are the most effective channel for political participation is raised. And, linked to a broader conception of democracy, they need to evolve towards a democratic party model of participation, which relates to the role of the parties as promoters and guardians of democracy, while they give answers to the problem of their dimensioning in a global society.

KEY WORDS: Political parties, representation deficit, citizenship, democracy, participation.